Active Directory - meaning and definition. What is Active Directory
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What (who) is Active Directory - definition

DIRECTORY SERVICE CREATED BY MICROSOFT FOR WINDOWS DOMAIN NETWORKS
Active Directory Service; Microsoft Active Directory; Microsoft Active Direcory; Active directory; NT Directory Service; Domain tree; Active Directory Service Interfaces; Active Directory Application Mode; Active directory authentication module; Active Directory Site; ActiveDirectory; Likewise Open; Global Catalog; Global catalog; Active directory objects; Active directory object; Active Directory Domain Services; AD DS; AD LDS; AD/LDS; Active Directory Services; Active Directory Directory Services; Micorsoft Active Directory; Active Directory Schema
  • In Active Directory, organizational units (OUs) cannot be assigned as owners or trustees. Only groups are selectable, and members of OUs cannot be collectively assigned rights to directory objects.
  • A simplified example of a publishing company's internal network.  The company has four groups with varying permissions to the three shared folders on the network.

Active Directory         
<operating system> A directory service from {Microsoft Corporation}, similar in concept to Novell {Netware Directory Services (NDS)}, that also integrates with the user organisation's DNS structure and is interoperable with LDAP. Active Directory is included in Windows 2000. (2000-03-28)
Active Directory         
Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services.
Active Directory Federation Services         
MICROSOFT SECURITY AUTHENTICATION SERVICE
Active Directory Federated Services
Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS), a software component developed by Microsoft, can run on Windows Server operating systems to provide users with single sign-on access to systems and applications located across organizational boundaries. It uses a claims-based access-control authorization model to maintain application security and to implement federated identity.

Wikipedia

Active Directory

Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services. Initially, Active Directory was used only for centralized domain management. However, Active Directory eventually became an umbrella title for a broad range of directory-based identity-related services.

A server running the Active Directory Domain Service (AD DS) role is called a domain controller. It authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a Windows domain type network, assigning and enforcing security policies for all computers, and installing or updating software. For example, when a user logs into a computer that is part of a Windows domain, Active Directory checks the submitted username and password and determines whether the user is a system administrator or normal user. Also, it allows management and storage of information, provides authentication and authorization mechanisms and establishes a framework to deploy other related services: Certificate Services, Active Directory Federation Services, Lightweight Directory Services, and Rights Management Services.

Active Directory uses Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) versions 2 and 3, Microsoft's version of Kerberos, and DNS.

Robert R. King defined it in the following way:

"A domain represents a database. That database holds records about network services-things like computers, users, groups and other things that use, support, or exist on a network. The domain database is, in effect, Active Directory."